El modelo sol-tierra-luna en el lenguaje iconográfico de estudiantes de magisterio

Las ilustraciones que acompañan a los textos no siempre facilitan el proceso de aprendizaje. En este trabajo se estudian las representaciones gráfi cas y los textos que acompañan a las mismas, realizadas por estudiantes de Magisterio sobre los movimientos de la Tierra y de la Luna y sus consecuencias. Su análisis permite afi rmar que hay una falta de comprehensión del modelo Sol-Tierra-Luna. Así mismo los estudiantes tienen severas dificultades en expresarse mediante dibujos. Hay que evitar el refuerzo del carácter de entretenimiento que tienen las imágenes, procurando que las tareas de análisis y elaboración de las mismas en la escuela no se asocien siempre a lo lúdico. El alumnado debe desarrollar sus propias destrezas icónicas para explicar los conceptos y emplear también imágenes, siempre que sea posible, en tareas de evaluación.The abundance of images within textbooks does not always facilitate the understanding of the concepts. In this paper we study, the graphical representations made by Teacher training students, and the texts accompanying these drawings in relation to the subject of terrestrial and lunar movements and their consequences. Students do not have a clear idea of the Sun/ Earth/ Moon model and they lack some concepts with which to build it. They also have diffi culty in expressing themselves in diagrams. Very strong inducements to attract attention are required in the written text, as well as specifi c instructions on the part of the teacher, if learning is to take place

Designing training for teaching environmental toxicology to specialized pharmacists

ntroduction: The Toxicology Unit at the University of Alcala (Spain) started to provide a novel short-term training course in environmental toxicology for pharmacists enrolled in the postgraduate specialty "Specialist in Industrial Pharmacy and Galenicals" in 2013-2014. This specialty is only available to state-board certified pharmacists considering enrolling in a specialized health training program. Objective: The objective was to create a short, dynamic, and interactive highly specialized training workshop to introduce future professionals to the subject of environmental toxicology and public health. The success of this novel short training course and the interest of the students in environmental toxicology were also analyzed. Methods: A specialized training workshop in environmental toxicology was developed for pharmacists who often have a limited knowledge of environmental health. The training workshop consisted of both theoretical and practical sessions. The practical exercise was highly dynamic and involved identifying potential human risks from pharmaceuticals and care products in water environments as well as the development of a protection and remediation strategy. Results: Following successful training pharmacists demonstrated good understanding of the source-pathway-receptor model and were capable of tailoring strategies to protect human health and future generations. Conclusions: The novel short training course was successful in developing postgraduate students' knowledge of environmental toxicology by providing a practical introduction to environmental health. The methods described here may be used for designing longer training events or courses of environmental toxicology for pharmacists who wish to work in the industry

La investigación internacional en TQM : análisis de tendencias (1994-1999)

Durante las dos últimas décadas, la investigación en materia de TQM ha sido abundante y diversa. Resulta conveniente detenerse a agruparla, analizarla e identificarla, a efectos de contar con un cuerpo sistemático de conocimiento sobre la misma. Éste es el objetivo principal de este artículo y para ello se ha procedido a efectuar una detenida selección de las publicaciones a considerar como fuentes de referencia, -un total de 26 revistas escogidas, pertenecientes a los ámbitos de Dirección y Administración, Dirección Científica, Investigación Operativa y Dirección de la Producción, a la par que se han definido cuidadosamente los criterios para la selección de trabajos, -se seleccionaron un total de 198 para el periodo objeto de análisis: 1994-1999, así como los parámetros para su clasificación; por último, se ha aplicado el análisis de correspondencias a fin de identificar posibles estrategias de publicación de las revistas identificadas

Using video recordings to teach teachers

[RESUMEN] En este trabajo se presentan los resultados de la valoración crítica realizada por estudiantes de magisterio de Educación Primaria ante dos grabaciones de aula realizadas por maestros en formación durante sus prácticas escolares. Los futuros maestros, tras el visionado de las mismas, realizan un análisis de dicha actuación desde el marco de la indagación. Perciben estas actuaciones de aula como algo próximo y factible, y encuentran interesantes este tipo de actividades por lo que se implican en su análisis[ABSTRACT] In this work we present the results of the critical evaluation carried out by preservices teachers of Primary Education of two classroom recordings made by teachers in formation during their school practices. The future teachers, after the viewing of the same ones, make an analysis of this action from the framework of the inquiry. They perceive their classroom as something near and feasible, and find this type of activity useful, so they get involved in their analysi

Perceveid Social Support in middle school students

Research on school climate has among its purposes to contribute to improving the quality of education, one of the main challenges of the Mexican educational system, particularly at the level of basic education. Our aim was to explore the relationships between the dimensions of school climate of perceived social the support teacher-student, support student-student and opportunities for autonomy and academic performance. The study was non-experimental and correlational. The sample consisted of 325 students from a middle school in northeastern Mexico, with a mean age of 13.4 years who responded to a scale of perceived school climate. The results show that students perceive great teacher support associated with student-student support and opportunities for autonomy. In addition, we found that academic achievement related to teacher support and opportunities for autonomy. These data are consistent with the country´s educational policy, which emphasizes the teacher´s role as facilitator of student learning to improve learning outcomes and the quality of education.Fil: Rodriguez, María Concepción. Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León; MéxicoFil: Vivas, Jorge Ricardo. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Psicología. Centro de Investigación en Procesos Básicos, Metodologías y Educación; ArgentinaFil: Comesaña, Ana. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Psicología. Centro de Investigación en Procesos Básicos, Metodologías y Educación; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata; ArgentinaFil: Ramirez, Laura Minerva. Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León; MéxicoFil: Peña, José Armando. Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León; Méxic

Propuestas de Innovación para la enseñanza de los números primos

Las dificultades que presentan muchos alumnos durante la etapa de la educación secundaria obligatoria en su aprendizaje de contenidos matemáticos han llevado a la aparición durante los últimos años de un amplio grupo de recursos y actividades que buscan facilitar la comprensión de ideas y contenidos matemáticos así como de las conexiones entre ellos. Desde este contexto, este trabajo propone una serie de actividades innovadoras para el trabajo con los números primos que desarrolladas en el aula junto con las actividades habituales pueden favorecer tanto la comprensión de los contenidos de la unidad como el desarrollo de las competencias básicas por parte de los alumnos

Citrus psorosis virus movement protein contains an aspartic protease required for autocleavage and the formation of tubule-like structures at plasmodesmata

Plant virus cell-to-cell movement is an essential step in viral infections. This process is facilitated by specific virus-encoded movement proteins (MPs), which manipulate the cell wall channels between neighboring cells known as plasmodesmata (PD). Citrus psorosis virus (CPsV) infection in sweet orange involves the formation of tubule-like structures within PD, suggesting that CPsV belongs to "tubuleforming" viruses that encode MPs able to assemble a hollow tubule extending between cells to allow virus movement. Consistent with this hypothesis, we show that the MP of CPsV (MPCPsV) indeed forms tubule-like structures at PD upon transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. Tubule formation by MPCPsV depends on its cleavage capacity, mediated by a specific aspartic protease motif present in its primary sequence. A single amino acid mutation in this motif abolishes MPCPsV cleavage, alters the subcellular localization of the protein, and negatively affects its activity in facilitating virus movement. The amino-terminal 34-kDa cleavage product (34KCPsV), but not the 20-kDa fragment (20KCPsV), supports virus movement. Moreover, similar to tubule-forming MPs of other viruses, MPCPsV (and also the 34KCPsV cleavage product) can homooligomerize, interact with PD-located protein 1 (PDLP1), and assemble tubule-like structures at PD by a mechanism dependent on the secretory pathway. 20KCPsV retains the protease activity and is able to cleave a cleavage-deficient MPCPsV in trans. Altogether, these results demonstrate that CPsV movement depends on the autolytic cleavage of MPCPsV by an aspartic protease activity, which removes the 20KCPsV protease and thereby releases the 34KCPsV protein for PDLP1-dependent tubule formation at PD. IMPORTANCE Infection by citrus psorosis virus (CPsV) involves a self-cleaving aspartic protease activity within the viral movement protein (MP), which results in the production of two peptides, termed 34KCPsV and 20KCPsV, that carry the MP and viral protease activities, respectively. The underlying protease motif within the MP is also found in the MPs of other members of the Aspiviridae family, suggesting that protease-mediated protein processing represents a conserved mechanism of protein expression in this virus family. The results also demonstrate that CPsV and potentially other ophioviruses move by a tubule-guided mechanism. Although several viruses from different genera were shown to use this mechanism for cell-to-cell movement, our results also demonstrate that this mechanism is controlled by posttranslational protein cleavage. Moreover, given that tubule formation and virus movement could be inhibited by a mutation in the protease motif, targeting the protease activity for inactivation could represent an important approach for ophiovirus control.Fil: Robles Luna, Gabriel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular; ArgentinaFil: Peña, Eduardo José. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular; ArgentinaFil: Borniego, María Belén. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular; ArgentinaFil: Heinlein, Manfred. Université de Strasbourg; Francia. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; FranciaFil: Garcia, Maria Laura. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular; Argentin

Covering functors without groups

Coverings in the representation theory of algebras were introduced for the Auslander-Reiten quiver of a representation finite algebra by Riedtmann and later for finite dimensional algebras by Bongartz and Gabriel, R. Martinez-Villa and de la Pe\~na. The best understood class covering functors is that of Galois covering functors F: A -> B determined by the action of a group of automorphisms of A. In this work we introduce the balanced covering functors which include the Galois class and for which classical Galois covering-type results still hold. For instance, if F:A -> B is a balanced covering functor, where A and B are linear categories over an algebraically closed field, and B is tame, then A is tame.Comment: Some improvements have been made; in particular, the proof of Theorem 2 has been restructured and clarifie